A NEW vaccine that could stop people developing the vomiting bug norovirus is being trialled in the UK – in the hope it could help cut the “burden on the NHS”.
The mRNA vaccine from Moderna will enter final stages of testing within the next two weeks, the Health Secretary has announced, with results so far showing it creates a “strong immune response”.
It’s hoped the jab will stop people developing the vomiting bug and relieve some pressure on the NHS[/caption]
The new vaccine is entering the final stages of testing within the next two weeks[/caption]
The ‘winter vomiting bug’, as it’s known, is linked to around 12,000 hospital admissions in the UK every year.
The jab uses mRNA technology – the same used in Covid jabs – to tell the immune system to recognise a “foreign” protein on viruses and mount an attack.
In this case, it targets three strains of norovirus.
Dr Patrick Moore, chief investigator of the study and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) director in the South West, said there were currently “no approved vaccines for norovirus anywhere in the world” and the only treatment available for people with serious illness in hospital is intravenous fluids.
He added: “Norovirus is what we know as the winter vomiting bug, and it’s highly transmissible.
“It causes vomiting and diarrhoea, usually for two to three days. It can affect people of all ages, and it usually peaks in the winter months in the UK…but we do see norovirus throughout the whole of the year.
“About one in five cases of gastroenteritis are caused by norovirus – that’s about four million cases annually in the UK and about 685 million globally.”
A total of 27 NHS hospitals and centres in England, Scotland and Wales are taking part in the trial, with some running mobile clinics to visit care homes and other community sites.
It’s hoped 2,500 people in the UK will sign up for the trial before the end of December.
Half will receive the vaccine while the other half will be given a dummy drug.
The trial will last around 25 months, and experts hope the results will show 65 percent or higher efficacy for the jab.
Moderna will also analyse whether the vaccine should be used as a seasonal jab like the flu vaccine, or whether it could offer lifelong immunity.
The firm hopes to file marketing applications in 2026 to have the vaccine approved by health regulators.
Health and Social Care Secretary Wes Streeting said: “Norovirus is highly infectious and puts the NHS under huge strain every winter, costing taxpayers around £100 million a year.
“The UK is leading the way to develop a world-first vaccine for this vomiting bug, starting with this innovative vaccine trial delivered through the Government-funded National Institute for Health and Care Research.
“Not only is this a huge vote of confidence in the UK’s life sciences sector, but a successful vaccine will help shift our health system away from sickness and towards prevention – reducing pressure on the NHS and keeping people well during the colder months.”
Who will be included in the trial?
Researchers leading the trial said it would include adults of all ages, though people aged 60 and over are being encouraged to join as they can be badly affected by norovirus.
If the vaccine works in adults, the trial is then likely to be extended to children.
The US, Canada and Japan are also taking part in the study, with a possible extension to Australia. Overall, around 25,000 people are expected to be recruited globally.
Dr Melanie Ivarsson, chief development officer at Moderna, said: “We are delighted to bring this trial to the UK – by advancing our investigational mRNA norovirus vaccine into a pivotal phase 3 trial, we are one step closer to potentially providing a new tool to prevent infection from this highly contagious virus, which places a significant burden on health systems globally.”
Dr Moore said older adults and immunocompromised patients are usually at higher risk of severe complications and death from norovirus, with about 80 deaths per year in the UK and about 200,000 deaths globally, of which 50,000 are children.
Around two-thirds of outbreaks are in care homes but places such as hospitals, nurseries and schools are also at risk.
This novel vaccine could make a difference to the lives of many – especially our most vulnerable citizens.
Professor Lucy Chappell
Professions that can be badly affected include health and care workers, childcare staff, military personnel, cruise ship employees, flight attendants and food handlers.
The new trial is part of the Government’s 10-year strategic partnership with Moderna, which is seeing the firm build a new mRNA research, development and manufacturing facility and investing in UK clinical trials.
Professor Lucy Chappell, NIHR chief executive and chief scientific adviser to the Department of Health and Social Care, said: “This novel vaccine could make a difference to the lives of many – especially our most vulnerable citizens – and reduce the burden of seasonal illness on the NHS.
“Leveraging the UK’s expertise in vaccine development, the DHSC through the NIHR and Moderna are delivering this large-scale trial at pace, so that people across the UK and the world can benefit sooner.”
Norovirus symptoms and how to treat it
Norovirus symptoms
Norovirus is a stomach bug that causes vomiting and diarrhoea. The main symptoms it causes are:
- feeling sick (nausea)
- diarrhoea
- being sick (vomiting)
A person with norovirus may also have:
- a high temperature
- a headache
- aching arms and legs
Symptoms usually start within one or two days of being infected, and last about two days.
How to treat norovirus yourself
Rest and plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration is the best way to treat norovirus.
A person will usually start to feel better in two to three days.
When to call NHS 111
Get advice from NHS 111 if:
- you’re worried about a baby under 12 months
- your child stops breast or bottle feeding while they’re ill
- a child under five years has signs of dehydration – such as fewer wet nappies
- you or your child (over five years) still have signs of dehydration after using oral rehydration sachets
- you or your child keep being sick and cannot keep fluid down
- you or your child have bloody diarrhoea or bleeding from the bottom
- you or your child have diarrhoea for more than seven days or vomiting for more than two days
When to call 999 or go to A&E
Call 999 or go to A&E if you or child:
- vomit blood or have vomit that looks like ground coffee
- have green vomit (adults)
- have yellow-green or green vomit (children)
- might have swallowed something poisonous
- have a stiff neck and pain when looking at bright lights
- have a sudden, severe headache or stomach ache
Source: NHS
The winter vomiting bug can cause unpleasant symptoms, including vomiting and diarrhoea, which usually lasts two to three days[/caption]
Older adults and immunocompromised patients are usually at higher risk of severe complications and death from norovirus[/caption]
