By Nqoba M Sibenke
Stress is a normal part of our everyday lives. When we experience pressure or perceive a threat we undergo a physiological response to the trigger, this is what is known as stress. For instance, if workers are getting laid off at your workplace, you may be stressed that you might also lose your job.
Different factors contribute to stress, one may be experiencing pressure at work and this may lead to stress. Financial constraints are a major determinant of stress especially in our country. When one is struggling to make ends meet they may experience stress. Relationship problems also contribute to stress – cheating partners, communication issues, breakups and divorce are high-risk stress factors. In cases of chronic illness or health problems, the patients and their families may also experience stress. Another key determinant of stress is trauma. Individuals who have experienced a traumatic event or incident are likely to experience Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
In the Diagnostic Statistic Manual (5th edition) stress disorders are classified under trauma and stressor-related disorders. Adjustment disorder, Acute stress and Post-traumatic stress disorders fall under this category. Most of what we term stress falls under Adjustment disorder. Characteristics of adjustment disorders include emotional and behavioral symptoms which are a result of an identifiable stressor. Examples of stressors include marital problems, work pressure, health issues, developmental issues, transition to school life, getting married, and becoming a parent among others. Loss of a loved one or loss of a job may also result in adjustment disorders. Adjustment disorders should normally resolve within 6 months if the stressor or consequence of the stressor has ceased. If the symptoms persist after the stressor has been resolved the disorder is no longer an adjustment disorder.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and Acute disorder are stress disorders that result from a traumatic experience. Traumatic experiences may include accidents, abuse in different forms, life-threatening injuries or sickness, death of a loved one. In Acute Stress disorder, symptoms appear within a month after the occurrence of the trauma, while in PTSD symptoms may occur years later. In PTSD, one may experience flashbacks or nightmares. Sometimes mood swings range from anger, guilt or shame. Avoidance of certain situations that remind one of the trauma is another key component of PTSD. People with PTSD also exhibit hyper-vigilance and arousal.
Individuals can learn and master techniques for managing day-to-day stress however Stress becomes a challenge when it becomes chronic. Some simple ways of managing daily stress include exercise. Exercise increases the production of Endorphins which reduce stress. Good nutrition, engaging in social activities like visiting with friends, and practising self-care are some of the things which can help in reducing stress. It is also good to talk to a friend about what is stressful to you. Ultimately seeking professional help is very needful.
It is important to note the signs and symptoms of chronic stress to seek help. When symptoms of Adjustment disorder persist for more than 6 months it becomes a cause of concern. Symptoms of Chronic stress include; fatigue, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, mood swings, social isolation, headaches, and failure to cope and execute normal daily tasks. Chronic stress can escalate to Anxiety and Depressive disorders. Chronic stress is debilitating and severely affects one’s life. When one is experiencing chronic stress it is critical to see a professional and seek help.
The first Wednesday in November is dedicated to raising awareness of stress worldwide.
Nqoba Sibenke is a registered intern Counselling Psychologist and can be reached at nqoba.sibenke@icloud.com.
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